GOV.13US & MO CONSTITUTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GOV.13US and MO CONSTITUTIONS - Essay Example The choice to kill the U.S residents from deciding in favor of the representatives was thought to take into account legal arrangements and the confirmation bargains. The twenty first corrections expressed that the importation and transportation of liquor to any state or the ownership and the utilization of any inebriating mixers was denied while the eighteenth amendment ordered national disallowance of liquor and introduced the preclusion time frame. During this period, the assembling, the deal and the dissemination of liquor was precluded (Jeffers, 2000). The nineteenth amendment gave ladies the option to cast a ballot. Ladies got the option to cast a ballot while this is as yet handy in 2013. Ladies are still typified in 2013 with extraordinary quantities of ladies coming out to cast a ballot during races. For instance, the U.S government has forty four ladies delegates in the senate government. This shows ladies are still typified today. 4.â How might you want to get your check with no assessments taken out?â What change began government salary tax?â Is our present expense framework fair?â What do the ideological groups for the most part say about charges? The sixteen changes sanctioned the assortment of expense on pay. The current framework is reasonable since it give sensible necessities for the assortment of expense. Dominant part of the U.S ideological groups give absolute help for the assortment of personal assessment. They accept that the assortment of the annual expense influences sensational changes in the country’s lifestyle. The twenty 6th revisions brought down the democratic age from the age of twenty one to the age of eighteen years. During the Vietnam War, there was the slogan’ mature enough to vote’. During this time the eighteen years of age youngsters were enrolled to the military and conceded the option to cast a ballot. The twenty third revisions allowed the Washington D.C the option to cast a ballot and cast votes in favor of the VP and the president during decisions. Prior to at that point, they couldn't decide in favor of the president on the grounds that

Introduction to People, Organisations and Management Assignment

Prologue to People, Organizations and Management - Assignment Example Various scholars of character portray character in various manners that mirrors their important speculative tendencies. Character is unpredictable parameter that interests society as individuals attempt to clarify the conduct and lead of others (Hogan and Roberts, 2001, 30-34). Similar tricks are experienced by therapists in their undertaking to underscore the substance of character. Be that as it may, maybe the most huge distinction between laymen and clinician is the way that individuals regularly focus on people in their mission to get character while therapists by and by utilize developments of character that are material to all. Also, the investigation of character involves the assessment of the way where attributes of character develop. The hypothesis of character in the work place underscores the centrality of human character in work environment conduct whereby the conduct of individuals at the work place is guided by their characters. It is considered from an understanding th e working environments are simply social roads in which people associate and offer encounters, in this way quite a bit of what comes to pass in the work environments with respect to human relations and social conduct comes from the unmistakable human character. On an expansive point of view, the theory means the difficulty of understanding human conduct in work places without the thought of character. For the most part, character is an element of models of thought, feeling and direct which depict individuals as novel. Moreover, character exudes from inside an individual and is ordinary all over life (Larsen and Buss, 2008, 99-105). Parts of character contain; consistency, physical and mental, sway on conduct and lead and numerous sign. Normality indicates that part of consistency whereby an individual’s character is frequently seen through various occasions and that such lead stays ordinary in assorted circumstances. Thusly, character influences physical and mental parameters of an individual however it could likewise be controlled by natural prerequisites and courses. Character dynamically affects conduct and as a rule an individual’s character decide their conduct. At long last, character shows through various circumstances in which certain peculiarities stay predictable, one occasion or circumstance isn't adequate to decide character. There are a few parts of character that show character and its impact to an individual in various roads of life. Truth be told, the parts are significant in understanding the idea of character in detail since they uncover the qualities that mean character. Character is inalienably important in understanding conduct in the work environment on the grounds that an individual’s direct at the work place is extraordinarily impacted by character factors. The idea of working environment character underscores the particular arrangement of practices and character of a representative at the work place, which have a g reat deal to do with individual tendencies and directions. Therefore, character is critical in appreciating human conduct at the working environment. Essentially, all human conduct is an element of character since character is the premise of character and direct. On a wide view, work environment conduct is a

How to Quickly Switch Between WordPress Users (With a Free Plugin)

As a rule, youll just experience your WordPress site from a directors point of view. With that job, youll approach change your site in any capacity you need. Be that as it may, some of the time youll need to see your site from an alternate point of view for testing or investigating. The most effortless approach to do this is to switch between WordPress clients with various roles.As you may envision, this is something you can do physically whenever. In any case, monitoring different usernames and passwordsâ is an enormous torment, so finding an increasingly productive approach to switch between WordPress clients can spare you a huge amount of time. Luckily, you canâ use a module to switch between various WordPress client accounts without leaving your dashboard.In this article, well discussion increasingly regarding why youd need to bounce between WordPress records and afterward well show you how to do it with the free User Switching module. Lets bounce directly in! WordPress order , and it awards you access to all of WordPress features. In a few cases, be that as it may, you may need to depend on utilizing a record with an alternate job. Rather than changing your records benefits, the least demanding course is to just sign into an alternate one.Each WordPress client has an alternate job, and hopping between them can come in handy.Accessing an alternate client record can beâ necessary for an assortment of reasons, a large portion of which will fall inside these two categories:Troubleshooting errors. WordPress is an amazing stage, yet its not without the incidental bug (particularly if youre running a great deal of modules). Now and again, your clients may encounter mistakes uniquely in contrast to you do on the grounds that ofâ your accounts benefits. You may require toâ check out what they see firsthand by exchanging accounts.Testing explicit features. Some topics and modules will empower includes just for explicit record jobs. In those cases, you pr obably won't have the option to test if theyre working appropriately as a head, so youll need to utilize an alternate sort of account.Specific instances of when exchanging client accounts is helpfulLets state, for instance, that youre chipping away at actualizing a vocation board on your WordPress site. A great deal of places of work empower clients to present their own postings. Youd need to twofold watch that thisâ feature works for anybody, which you can do by figuring out how to switch between WordPress users.Or, maybe you need toâ enable an upkeep page for your WordPress site. In this situation, youd need to hold full access to your whole site, while showing onlyâ your upkeep pageâ to different clients. On the off chance that you needed to check whether your upkeep page was working appropriately, you could switch accounts and do it in a moment or two.Additionally, exchanging between WordPress clients is particularly useful for WordPress Multisite systems. After youve introd uced WordPress Multisite, youll quite often need to hop between various client records to perceive how everything is working.In these situations and that's only the tip of the iceberg, having snappy access to an assortment of record jobs is crucial. Now, lets discover how to make that possible.Introducing the User Switching Plugin User Switching Author(s): John Blackbourn t uncover any close to home data about theâ user accounts youre acquiring, (for example, their passwords).Keep as a top priority that this module will furnish you with constrained access to any client account on your site. In the event that you wind up utilizing it consistently, nonetheless, it may be simplerâ to set up sham records with various roles.Key features:Lets you switch between client accounts on your websiteMakes this component just accessible to administratorsProtects your clients security by concealing their passwordsEnables you to bounce back to your essential record at any timePrice:User Switchin g is 100% allowed to utilize, so theres no explanation not to give it a try!How to switch between client accounts in WordPressIf you choose to get the User Switchingâ plugin, the main thing youll need to do is introduce and activateâ it. When youre done, advance toward the Users â†' All Usersâ tab on your dashboard. Youll see that theres another alternative close to every one of the names on your rundown of users:Clicking on Switch Toâ enables you to hop between WordPress clients. You should simply click it for the record you need to use:Youll wind up on a totally different dashboard with less choices and see a message alarming you that youre now seeing your site as an alternate client. Indeed, in the event that you change to an ordinary supporter account, the main alternative youll see is to alter your profile.You can likewise advance toward the front finish of your site by tapping on your locales title on your dashboards route bar, not surprisingly. When youre prepared to come back to your essential record, return to your dashboard and snap on the Switch back toâ option at the top. Its that simple.How to switch between client accounts from your dashboard route barIf you need to make the procedure much simpler, notwithstanding, you can set up an extra module on User Switching. The module is called Admin Bar User Switching. This device empowers you to bounce between accounts directly from your dashboards route bar. Administrator Bar User Switching Author(s): Mark WilkinsonCurrent Version: 1.1.1Last Updated: April 1, 2017admin-bar-client switching.zip 98%Ratings 15,520Downloads WP 3.1+Requires Once youve set it up, youll see a new Switch Userâ option on your route bar. On the off chance that you click on it, youll have the option to look through your current clients and pick a record to hop to from anyplace on your site.Aside from that, this module doesnt transform anything on your site. Keep in mindâ that it wont work appropriately except if you set up the User Switching module first. Also,â it possibly bodes well to introduce both modules on the off chance that you mean to utilize this element frequently.ConclusionLearning how to switch between WordPress clients consistently is a basic stunt that can empower you to investigate your site all the more effectively. In addition, itâ will empower you to test explicit highlights all the more altogether, and guarantee thatâ your site is showing great for everyone.Whats more, the procedure is basic. You should simply introduce and actuate the User Switching module and head to the profile of any client whose account you need to test. Snap a catch to imagine their perspective, and youll have the option to switch back to your primary record whenever.

Principles of Hypothesis free essay sample

So far we have discussed assessing a certainty interim alongside the likelihood (the certainty level) that the genuine populace measurement exists in this interim under continued examining. We currently look at the standards of measurable surmising to speculations testing. Before the finish of this part you ought to have the option to †¢ Understand what is speculation trying †¢ Examine issues identifying with the assurance of level of How is this Done? In the event that the distinction between our estimated esteem and the example esteem is little, at that point all things considered, our guessed estimation of the mean is right. The bigger the distinction the littler the likelihood that the guessed esteem is right. By and by anyway seldom is the distinction between the example mean and the estimated populace esteem sufficiently bigger or little enough for us to have the option to acknowledge or dismiss the speculation at first sight. We can't acknowledge or dismiss a speculation about a parameter essentially on instinct; rather we have to utilize target measures dependent on inspecting hypothesis to acknowledge or dismiss the theory. We will compose a custom paper test on Standards of Hypothesis or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Speculations testing is the way toward making inductions about a populace dependent on an example. The key inquiry consequently in theories testing is: the means by which likely is it that a populace, for example, one we have guessed to create an example, for example, the one we are taking a gander at. hugeness †¢ Apply trial of theories to huge to the executives Situations †¢ Use of SPSS bundle to do speculations test and translation of PC yield including p-values What is Hypothesis Testing? What is a Hypothesis? A theory is the supposition that we make about the populace parameter. This can be any supposition about a populace parameter not really founded on measurable information. For instance it can likewise be founded on the gut feel of a chief. Administrative theories depend on instinct; the commercial center chooses whether the manager’s instincts were in actuality right. Indeed chiefs propose and test theories constantly. For instance: †¢ If a director says ‘if we drop the cost of this vehicle model by Hypotheses Testing-The hypothesis Null Hypothesis In testing our speculations we should express the accepted or estimated estimation of the populace parameter before we start inspecting. The presumption we wish to test is known as the Null Hypotheses and is represented by Ho. For instance on the off chance that we need to test the theories that the populace mean is 500. We would compose it as: Ho:  µ=500 If we utilize the speculated estimation of a populace mean in a difficult we speak to it emblematically as:  µHo. The term invalid speculations has its starting points in pharmaceutical testing where the invalid theories is that the medication has no impact, I. e. , there is no distinction between an example treated with the medication and untreated examples. Elective Hypothesis If our example results neglect to help the speculations we should presume that something different must be valid. At whatever point we dismiss the invalid speculation the elective theory is the one we need to acknowledge. This represented by Ha . There are three potential elective theories for any Ho. , I. e. : Ha:  µ? 500(the elective theory isn't equivalent to 500) Ha:  µgt;500(the elective speculation is more prominent than 500) Ha:  µlt;500( the elective theory is under 500) Understanding Level of Significance The motivation behind testing a speculation isn't to scrutinize the figured estimation of the example measurements yet to have a judgment about the effect between the example measurement and the conjectured populace parameter. Along these lines the following stage, in the wake of expressing our invalid and elective theories, is to choose what Rs15000 , we’ll increment deals by 25000 units’ is a speculation. To test it actually we need to hold up to the year's end to and tally deals. †¢ A chief gauges that deals per domain will develop on normal by 30% in the following quarter is additionally a presumption or speculations. How might the director approach testing this supposition? Assume he has 70 regions under him. †¢ One alternative for him is to review the consequences of each of the 70 domains and decide if the normal is development is more prominent than or under 30%. This is a tedious and costly system. †¢ Another route is to take an example of domains and review deals results for them. When we have our business development figure, almost certainly, it will vary to some degree from our accepted rate. For instance we may get an example pace of 27%. The administrator is then confronted with the issue of deciding if his supposition or estimated pace of development of deals is right or the example pace of development is increasingly agent. To test the legitimacy of our presumption about the populace we gather test information and decide the example estimation of the measurement. We at that point decide if the example information bolsters our theories suspicion with respect to the normal deals development. 11. 556  © Copy Right: Rai University 113 basis do we use for concluding whether to acknowledge or dismiss the invalid speculation. How would We use Sampling to Accept or Reject Hypothesis? The Process of Hypothesis Testing We presently take a gander at the procedure of speculation testing. A model will help explain the issues in question: Aluminum sheets must have a normal thickness of . 04inches or they are futile. A temporary worker takes an example of 100 sheets and decides mean example thickness as . 0408 inches. Based on past experience he realizes that the populace standard deviation for these sheets is . 04 inches. The issue the contractual worker faces is whether he ought to , based on test proof, acknowledge or dismiss a clump of 10,000 aluminum sheets. As far as theories testing the issue is : †¢ If the genuine mean is . 04inches and the standard deviation. We utilize the outcome that there is a sure fixed likelihood related with interims from the mean characterized as far as number of standard deviations from the mean. In this way our concern of testing a speculation decreases to deciding the likelihood that an example measurement, for example, the one we have acquired could have emerged from a populace with a conjectured mean m. In the speculation tests we need two numbers to settle on our choice whether to acknowledge or dismiss the invalid theory: †¢ a watched esteem or registered from the example †¢ a basic worth characterizing the limit between the acknowledgment and dismissal district . Rather than estimating the factors in unique units we compute a normalized z variable for a standard ordinary circulation with mean  µ=0. The z measurement reveals to us what number of what number of standard deviations above or beneath the mean normalized mean (z,lt;0, zgt;0) our perception falls. We can change over our watched information into the normalized scale utilizing the change .004 inches, what are the odds of getting an example imply that varies from the populace mean (. 04 inches) by . 0008inches or more? To locate this out we have to figure the likelihood that an irregular example with mean . 08 will be chosen from a populace with  µ =. 04 and a standard deviation. On the off chance that this likelihood is too low we should presume that the aluminum company’s explanation is bogus and the mean thickness of the transfer provided isn't . 04inches. When we have expressed out speculation we need to settle on a basis to be utilized to acknowledge or dismiss Ho. The degree of essentialness speaks to the standard utilized by the chief to acknowledge or dismiss a theory. For instance if the director wishes to take into account a 5% level of essentialness. This implies we dismiss the invalid speculation when the watched distinction between the example mean and populace mean is with the end goal that it or a bigger contrast would just happen 5 or less occasions in each 100 examples when the guessed estimation of the populace parameter is right. It in this way shows the reasonable degree of testing variety we are eager to permit while tolerating the invalid speculation. In measurable terms 5% is known as the degree of centrality and is indicated by a=. 05 We presently compose our information methodicallly. The z measurement quantifies the quantity of standard deviations from the guessed mean the example mean untruths. From the standard ordinary tables we can ascertain the likelihood of the example mean varying from the genuine populace mean by a predefined number of standard deviations. For instance: †¢ we can discover the likelihood that the example mean contrasts from the populace mean by at least two standard deviations. It is this likelihood esteem that will disclose to us how likely it is that a given example mean can be acquired from a populace with a theorized mean m. . †¢ If the likelihood is low for instance under 5% , maybe Our example information is as per the following: n=100, it tends to be sensibly presumed that the contrast between the example mean and speculated populace mean is excessively enormous and the possibility that the populace would create such an arbitrary example is excessively low. What likelihood comprises too low or satisfactory level is a judgment for leaders to make. Certain circumstances request that chiefs be extremely secure with the attributes of the things being tried and even a 2% likelihood that the populace delivers such an example is excessively high. In different circumstances there is more prominent scope and a leader might be wiling to acknowledge a speculation with a 5% likelihood of chance variety. In every circumstance what should be resolved are the expenses coming about because of an inaccurate choice and the specific degree of hazard we are happy to accept. Our base standard for an adequate likelihood, state, 5%, is likewise the hazard we run of dismissing a speculation that is valid. To test any theory we have to figure the standard mistake of the mean from the populace

Complex Congenital Heart Disease - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Complex Congenital Heart Disease - Smart Custom Writing LeadershipLeaders must play a few, frequently clashing, jobs in overseeing innovation. They should be acceptable stewards and hold to limited spending plans and calendars. Usage speed to stay aware of mechanical changes requires great task administrator aptitudes. Pioneers should consistently screen program tarâ ­gets and fulfillment dates. They should likewise be pragmatists in evaluating the dangers, expenses, and advantages of another innovation. 1.â Perspective on initiative Learning for improvement in Auckland International Airport, likewise referred to locally as Mangere Airport Auckland International Airport was a long ways behind from the presentation in the underlying time frame. As visionaries, Leaders needed to make a specialized vision of an objective and persistently seek after it. As backers, they made a pledge to the venture and remained behind it. At long last, as guards, they kept everybody centered. At the point when new advances are being created or actualized, the tasks director made a vital arrangement for the group speaking to every single influenced division to lead and facilitate the work. An undertaking champion who advances the venture at each opportuâ ­nity made infectious excitement to make the improvement to occur. Today, Auckland International Airport is setting gauges to the world itself. This pioneer is regarded by all colleagues and along these lines mirrored administration's help of the group throughâ ­out the task. Everybody should realize that the administrator is proficient about the undertaking, remains behind it, and will give it the assets it needs to succeed. As the friendliness framework is concerned, the pioneer ought to be a consistent student definitely. He ought to be prepared to concentrate on the absorbed facto constantly. Indeed, he ought to be happy to adapt normally. Worker inspiration from the side of the legislature and consequently self improving the association should be possible positive outcomes to the firm. He ought to be prepared to take positive perspectives from all over and negative focuses from no place. This proactive advance causes the pioneer to improve the exhibition both of his workers and association the same. ANSOFF HI. 1984. Executing vital administration. New Jersey: Prentice.  2. Inspiration and Empowerment Upgrading the exhibition by Rewarding in Contact Energy Limited reached Energy Limited is a New Zealand power generator and power, flammable gas, and LPG retailer organization over the periods in New Zealand. The organization produces 24% of New Zealand's power and has the second biggest piece of the pie of the nation's power retailers. At the point when it was the hour of underperformance, the organization specialists have broke down the circumstance and made a vital program so as to upgrade the presentation of the representative area: compensating execution must be roused by giving appropriate gratefulness, grants etc..Leaders have characterized inspiration from alternate points of view. A portion of the significant endeavors are introduced in this sub-segment. Need manner hypothesis as an amazing initiative procedure: An essential supposition in the inspiration hypothesis is that a living being acts so as to lessen its needs. A need is a prerequisite that must be met for ideal modification of a creature to nature. Need mien hypothesis as a ground-breaking authority procedure presents the perspective that individuals are spurred to make a move and put vitality in quest for three thought processes, Accomplishment, Affiliation and Influence. Contact Energy Limited made a careful renewal in the worker demeanor and subsequently helped up the general execution of the organization in the following quarter.â 3. Creating DiversityStrategic Plan to 2010 - New Zealand Police Planning other key change process inside New Zealand PoliceThe following measures to re compose and re structure the framework New Zealand Police made an efficient arrangement as follows: New strides for decent variety to be taken to improve the performanceâ â â the exercises of cutting edge staff, it isn't simply manage them;  â â to improve the power, enroll new personnelâ and give trainingâ for new pioneers and officials;  â â There ought to be sufficient compensations for performance.â â Internal intuitive, inner and externalâ mass correspondence, promoting, and market and picture look into are some different techniques that can help NZP to improve their exhibition  â â supporting them for preparing programs in the territories of promoting/performing, selling a social sciences;  â â increment contribution of staff in exercises like client assistance battles, undertaking market surveys,â etcâ just as in client support and branch profitability board of trustees gatherings;  â â sorting out of advertising meeting cum-workshop for up and coming officials section insightful premise;  â â Sharing of the discoveries of client reviews, bank picture and different examinations to NZP the board with the staff;  â â staff inspiration, including offer of grants and prizes on individual and gathering premise; Today, New Zealand Police is setting guidelines to the world policing itself. This arrangement for the circumstance was regarded by all colleagues and in this manner mirrored administration's help in the group throughâ ­out the re association for decent variety.  4. Fearlessness and Moral Leadership Fearlessness and good administration are viewed as the prime character of a pioneer is concerned. A pioneer must be daring to act admirably when and where opportunity arrives. He should have well-suited good character for his group to regard his vision and mission. The definition which has the dash of useful sound judgment is the one developed by a clinical specialist Mr. Moran. He was the clinical official of a New Zealand Infantry Battalion during World War II against Nazis. For two long years he served the Battalion and perceived how youthful officials enlivened their kindred residents to battle the Germans with excitement and fearlessness, realizing beyond any doubt that, numerous among them would get murdered or harmed. He thought about how one individual could exercise such a conclusive impact over others. It was not simply the military law or control, in light of the fact that regardless of these there were instances of belittling weakness and failure to lead. Around two decad es later he turned into the Chairman of the Medical Council. Given beneath is a definition which depends on what he developed: Administration is the ability to outline plans which will succeed and the personnel to convince others to do them notwithstanding all troubles. 5. Vital Leadership Methodology for Maintaining Leadership in the Air Conditioning Company Limited, Auckland  In a serious domain, keeping up administration isn't simple. New substitutes and items made utilizing new advancements would continue entering the market disintegrating intensity of existing firms. Under such conditions, steady item improvement gets basic to keep up item separation. Indeed, even in fields where rivalry is constrained, it merits endeavoring innovative upgrades either for cost decrease or item improvement. This implies the experience bend of such firms continue moving consistently. This is all around reflected noticeable all around cooler industry in the ongoing years in ACCL Auckland. In spite of the fact that it is a regular industry, recently there is savage rivalry to catch the top finish of the costly market fragment. For example, the main national level maker in the little scope area entered the market with a progressive thought; an air cooler looking preferences a room climate control system. It was in fact much better than a traditional air cooler. They enhance d his new ''forced air system looking air cooler and presented three distinct models in three back to back years, continually enhancing the past one, making it hard for his rivals to get up to speed. Subside Drucker (1985) called it quickest with the methodology, on account of the dissolvable maker alluded to before likewise, there is a solid sense’ of item separation through mechanical turn of events. Philip A. Wickham - Management Consulting: Delivering an Effective Project second Edition  6. Driving Teams Westpac Banking Corporation is a monster aggregate offering budgetary types of assistance and became Australia’s biggest bank. Prior it assumed control throughout the second-biggest bank in New Zealand-the St.George Bank. In the underlying time frame bank face a great deal of hard ships to continue in a fierce time. The executives needed to beat these issues with their solid and effective administrative aptitudes. They had made an arrangement for the equivalent and guaranteed them to follow appropriately. Assignments for Group  Defined, the assignment  â Made the arrangement Dispensed work and assets Controlled quality and rhythm of work Checked execution against plan  Functions for Group Setting norms Looking after control Building cooperation Empowering, propelling, giving a feeling of direction Delegating sub-pioneers Guaranteeing correspondence inside the gathering Preparing the gathering  Functions for Individual Needs Taking care of individual issues Commending of people Knowing people actually Perceiving and utilizing singular capacities Preparing people The capacities identified with the necessities of the three regions had been recorded independently for their execution. In real practice, nonetheless, the vast majority of these are coordinated and accomplished through the effective co appointment of pioneers. Accordingly, Westpac Banking Corporation has gotten extraordinary compared to other worldwide money related administrations organization and turned into the biggest bank in the area. End From all these above circumstances, one can see how do pioneers lead devotees without being entirely driven by supporters. The explanation that a 'decent pioneer fluctuates his style between tyrant to participativeâ contingent upon the undertaking, the changing circumstance he experiences and the changing gathering that he needs to lead summarizes,

Not Voiceless 6 Books by Gravely Disabled People

Not Voiceless 6 Books by Gravely Disabled People There is no shortage of books that feature disability; Wonder and Me Before You are just a couple of examples of the success an abled author can have when they decide to write about something they have no personal experience with and little knowledge about. Here’s a radical idea: instead of speculating about what the inner world of a person with a particular disability might be like, why don’t we listen to them instead in books by disabled people? Image of Helen Keller from the U.S. Library of Congress. Edits by Lisa Ruiz. There’s a popular idea among charity-minded people that they must be a “voice for the voiceless.” Are the people they’re talking about really voiceless, though? Not usually. Even in the gate-kept world of publishing, there is a multitude of writing by disabled people, even “gravely” disabled people. (Note on my use of the word “gravely”: this is a medicalized term that does not have a specific meaning and is not particularly useful. I use it here to indicate a person who might be erroneously called “voiceless.”) Even people who are literally voiceless are not actually voiceless. Not all disabled people can or want to communicate through words, though they communicate in myriad other ways. They, too, should be listened to; that is, the person with whom they are communicating should seek to understand what they are saying. Though there are not yet, to my knowledge, books cataloguing the communications of people with these types of disabilities, my hope is that that will change. If there are so many disabled people out there communicating, and some are writing for publication, why do abled people feel the need to speak for them? The problem is not that some people are voiceless; the problem is that many people are unwilling to listen. The good news is that, thanks to publishing, even people who have never met someone with a particular disability can seek to understand them through their writing. Here are six books by disabled people that represent a slender branch in the dense forest of disabled people’s writing. Too Late to Die Young: Nearly True Tales from a Life by Harriet McBryde Johnson Let’s start with one of my heroes! Harriet McBryde Johnson was an attorney, author, and activist who focused much of her work on disability advocacy. She had a progressive neuromuscular disease and made use of a motorized wheelchair, personal care assistant, feeding tube, and other adaptations that are often sensationalized by those not familiar with them. This hilarious and searingly insightful book is her memoir. It is a fabulous introduction to the tenets of disability rights for those who want something easily digestible (a spoonful of sarcasm makes the theory go down); it is also an essential read for people at any point on the disability wokeness spectrum. Fall Down 7 Times Get Up 8: A Young Man’s Voice From the Silence of Autism by Naoki Higashida, translated by K.A. Yoshida and David Mitchell Naoki Higashida is a Japanese writer who has achieved international fame at the age of 24. This is his second book. He is described as “nonverbal,” another word that gets thrown around in a similar way to “voiceless.” This book is formed around a compilation of his blog posts about his experience of life with autism, and follows that format. The Cancer Journals by Audre Lorde I don’t need to sell Audre Lorde’s writing to you, do I? She’s only one of the greatest writers and theorists ever. This book focuses on her experience with breast cancer and mastectomy. Like her other writing, it embraces the oneness of personal experience and political thought; like her other writing, it is excellent. The World I Live In by Helen Keller It might seem like Helen Keller needs no introduction, but she kinda does. Thanks to the cultural mythos that portrays her as the deaf blind success object of a brilliant teacher, her work is often undervalued or forgotten completely. Anne Sullivan, her teacher and friend, actually was brilliant (and blind!), but Keller was an incredible subject in herself. She was a remarkably insightful and effective activist, author, and speaker. Her work spanned movements, including socialism, labor, disability, women’s suffrage, and antimilitarism. This is a collection of her essays. The Pain Journal by Bob Flanagan Bob Flanagan was a performance artist and writer whose work interrogated issues of pain and pleasure. Much of his performance art centered around his own body, the locus of his pain and pleasure from both cystic fibrosis and sadomasochism. Reading and watching his work is a bodily experience in itself; sympathetic nerves fire off left and right as he describes a spectrum of bodily sensations never discussed in polite company. This is a chronicle of the last year of his life. The Center Cannot Hold by Elyn R. Saks Elyn R. Saks is a professor, lawyer, and psychiatrist working in mental health law. This is a memoir of her experience of life with schizophrenia, an illness which many media present as frightening, chaotic, and illogical. The truth of schizophrenia is much different, and she expresses it beautifully here through both her personal experience and her professional knowledge. This is not a complete reading list; no one person can speak for an entire community, even if they share the same disability. A majority of the authors listed above have achieved a level of intellectual and/or capital productivity that is not possible and/or desirable for many people with disabilities. Thankfully, there are many other ways to listen to disabled people: blogs, podcasts, videos…and, of course, conversations. Take this starter kit of books by disabled people and use it as the starting shot for a lifelong process. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Future Challenges for Healthcare Essay - 550 Words

Future Challenges for Healthcare (Essay Sample) Content: Future Challenges for Health Care Management[Name of Student][Name of Institution] Future Challenges for Health Care ManagementAnalyses based on previous occurrences and current situations present an almost true picture of prospective occurrences. In the 1980s, health care institutions predicted possible improvements in various parts of the industry with a number of challenges in others by the twenty-first century. Some of these included the rise of advanced technologies, increased numbers of health care physicians, rising numbers of elderly patients, and controlled costs in health care management (Schuring, 2013). Despite the fact that some of these predictions have emerged as projected, others have failed to comply with these predictions. Instead of having surplus physicians, the health care industry continues to face large deficits of the same across the world. Similarly, health care costs remain high and unaffordable to many patients (Soyez, 2015). Predictably, th e future challenges for health care management include managing rising operational costs, handling a growing number of elderly patients in need of health care services, and availing an adequate number of physicians to handle the increasing number of patients in need of services.Markedly, the twenty-first century health care industry remains characterized by numerous financial inadequacies. While terminal and chronic illnesses have increased tremendously, the cost of living has also risen. Coupled with high rates of inflation, drugs and equipment in the health care sector have become expensive and unaffordable to some parts of global populations. An example of an illness that remains expensive to control is that of cancer. Irrespective of involved types of cancer, patients with related conditions have to undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgeries to get complete treatments (Denton, 2013). Some of these procedures are too expensive for larger parts of the populations to undergo . On the part of hospitals, procuring hospital equipment has become quite expensive. Predictable trends indicate that this may persist into the future. As a result, health care institutions have to develop ways of controlling operational costs and increasing revenue (Soyez, 2015).Although the overall number of patients has persistently grown over the years, that of individuals above sixty-five years has had the most notable rise. This is because of improved health care procedures and innovative technologies for managing various health care conditions. Death rates for individuals below sixty-five years have reduced significantly (Denton, 2013). However, when individuals get to ages above sixty-five years, they develop chronic and terminal illnesses that incapacitate them. It is at this point that their demand for quality health care increases. If this trend persists, this phenomenon may remain a challenge in terms of resources and caregiving procedures (Marchese, 2012).Perhaps, the m ost outstanding challenge for future health care management is that of providing sufficient human resources to provide services in the sector. Such professionals range from doctors, nurses, technicians, and support service providers. The cost of training health care professionals is high (Wolper, 2014). At the same time, not many individuals are willing to join the profession as other professions also present lucrative alternatives. To ensure efficient future provision of services in the health care sector, governme...

Visas H-1B para profesionales y modelos para USA

Las visas H-1B permiten a profesionales y modelos trabajar en Estados Unidos. Son visados de doble intencià ³n, es decir, para obtenerlo no es necesario probar la intencià ³n de regresar al paà ­s de origen lo que permite mà ¡s fà ¡cilmente buscar un cambio hacia una tarjeta de residencia (green card) Quià ©nes pueden solicitar la visa H-1B Este tipo de visa beneficia a tres tipos de actividades laborales   Por un lado, los modelos que tengan una trayectoria profesional de reconocido prestigio. Su visa serà ¡ una H-1B3.Ademà ¡s, pueden aplicar los profesionales como arquitectos, mà ©dicos, maestros etc. En otras palabras, cualquier persona con conocimientos especializados y estudios de tà ­tulo universitario o superiores debidamente validados. Si son aprobados, recibirà ¡n una H-1B. Dependiendo de los estados, deberà ¡n obtener una licencia profesional en su actividad para poder trabajar.Por à ºltimo, las personas con un tà ­tulo universitario equivalente al Bachelor ´s Degree pueden obtener una H-1B2 para desarrollar e investigar proyectos coordinados por el Departamento de Defensa. Patrocinio para una visa H-1B El proceso se inicia cuando una empresa està ¡ dispuesta a contratar a un extranjero. Entre la documentacià ³n que debe aportar destaca la Aplicacià ³n de Condicià ³n Laboral (LCA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). La finalidad es evitar que extranjeros desempeà ±en trabajos para los que hay estadounidenses o residentes permanentes disponibles. Se aplica ante el Departamento del Trabajo. Para obtener la LCA, el empleador debe comunicar a los representantes de los trabajadores la intencià ³n de contratar a un extranjero. Si no hubiera representante sindical, debe anunciarlo dentro de la empresa. Las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as con mà ¡s de 50 trabajadores de los que un 15 por ciento tiene una H-1B deberà ¡ publicar la existencia de la vacante. Para asegurarse de que la contratacià ³n de un extranjero no es mà ¡s barata que la de un ciudadano, la empresa debe garantizar al extranjero un salario y beneficios iguales al que ya paga a empleados similares. La à ºnica excepcià ³n a la certificacià ³n laboral es para la H-1B2. Una vez conseguida la LCA, tiene que enviarse junto con un formulario I-129 al USCIS. Si se aprueba, si la persona que va a recibir la visa se encuentra en el extranjero debe solicitar que se le emita a la Embajada correspondiente. Si se encuentra ya en EU puede comenzar a trabajar, pero la primera vez que salga del paà ­s deberà ¡ ir a la Embajada estadounidense para tener la visa estampada en su pasaporte. Esto muy importante para poder volver entrar a Estados Unidos. Là ­mite de visas H-1B que se aprueban anualmente Cada aà ±o fiscal, que en Estados Unidos comienza el 1 de octubre de cada aà ±o natural, se conceden hasta un mà ¡ximo de 65,000 H-1B. Una vez que se emite ese nà ºmero, no se concederà ¡n mà ¡s hasta el siguiente aà ±o fiscal. No està ¡n limitados por ese cupo anual: 1. Los extranjeros que hayan estudiado una maestrà ­a o un doctorado en una universidad estadounidense. Para ellos hay un cupo adicional por aà ±o fiscal de 20,000 visas anuales. 2. Los profesionales cuyos empleadores sean centros de investigacià ³n sin fin de lucro o universidades.   Para los ciudadanos de ciertos paà ­ses se reserva un nà ºmero de H-1B, como el caso de Chile con 1,400 visas. Cuà ¡ndo aplicar Esta informacià ³n sà ³lo es para los casos de visas sujetas a là ­mites anuales. Por lo tanto no aplica a los contratados por instituciones de educacià ³n o investigacià ³n.   El resto de los solicitantes deben saber que cada cupo anual de visas comienza a emitirse a partir del uno de octubre de cada aà ±o, la solicitud puede ser presentada hasta seis meses antes: el 1 de abril. En los à ºltimos aà ±os,   el nà ºmero de aplicaciones es tan alto que se excede el là ­mite los primeros dà ­as de abril. Cuando asà ­ sucede, se realiza una loterà ­a para ver quà © solicitudes son tramitadas. Quà © empresas pueden patrocinar una visa H-1B Cualquiera que cumpla los requisitos, desde las mà ¡s grades a las mà ¡s chicas. Y aunque es cierto que la mayorà ­a de esas visas se van al sector tecnolà ³gico, nada impide que se utilicen en otros campos. Por ejemplo, es muy frecuente que tambià ©n se dà © en Educacià ³n y en Sanidad. Para mejor hacerse una idea es recomendable consultar cuà ¡les son las 100 empresas que mà ¡s H-1B patrocinan, para quà © sectores y cuà ¡l es el salario medio que ofrecen a los patrocinados.   Demora de los trà ¡mites para la visa En este artà ­culo se puede aprender a calcular las demoras para todo tipo de trà ¡mites migratorios. En el caso de la H-1B, para conocer los tiempos del PERM (DoL por sus siglas en inglà ©s), USICS y, finalmente, consulado. En la actualidad  no se puede solicitar aplicacià ³n exprà ©s de la visa H-1B  por decisià ³n del gobierno del presidente Donald Trump. Vigencia de la visa H-1B La H-1B se otorga por tres aà ±os que se pueden prorrogar hasta un total de seis y para los titulares de una H1-B2 hasta diez. Pero existen excepciones que permiten mantener la visa por mà ¡s tiempo: 1. Hasta tres extensiones de un aà ±o o una por tres aà ±os cuando el titular de la visa ha solicitado un cambio de estatus y ha presentado el formulario I-140 antes de cumplir su quinto aà ±o y està ¡ pendiente de una respuesta. 2. Una extensià ³n por tres aà ±os si el ajuste de estatus ha sido concedido pero se debe esperar a que haya cupo disponible. La disponibilidad puede tardar varios aà ±os y depende del paà ­s de origen del solicitante y de la categorà ­a por la que pide el cambio de estatus. Coste de la visa H-1B Varà ­a entre $1,000 y $5,000, dependiendo del tipo de empresa que solicita la visa, si se utiliza abogado. Generalmente paga la empresa pero se conocen casos en los que paga el trabajador. Estas son las tarifas promedio de que cobran los abogados de inmigracià ³n. Vida en EU con una H-1B Para conservar la H-1B el titular debe trabajar sà ³lo para el empresario que ha patrocinado su visa. Se pagan impuestos. El rà ©gimen fiscal puede ser complejo ya que se puede tener un estatus fiscal de extranjero residente o de extranjero no residente por lo que es frecuente recurrir a un fiscalista experto. En todas las nà ³minas se deducen cantidades para Medicare y Seguridad Social. Si el extranjero trabaja mà ¡s de diez aà ±os en EU tendrà ¡ derecho a beneficiarse de esos pagos realizados a la Seguridad Social. Si trabaja menos, dependiendo si su paà ­s tiene o no un tratado bilateral con USA, podrà ¡ contabilizar los aà ±os cotizados aquà ­. El cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os pueden vivir en USA con una visa H-4. Si los nià ±os està ¡n estudiando la primaria o la secundaria es recomendable familiarizarse antes de llegar a Estados Unidos con las particularidades del sistema educativo, para asà ­ tomar la mejor decisià ³n sobre quà © tipo de escuela elegir para los muchachos. Como regla general los esposos con H-4 no pueden trabajar, con dos excepciones que aplican desde mayor de 2015. Por à ºltimo, se deberà ¡ comunicar al USCIS el cambio de domicilio en los diez dà ­as siguientes a producirse. Cambio de estatus, transfer, dimisià ³n, despido y caducidad Puede solicitarse un cambio de estatus para obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente. Tambià ©n puede cambiar su visa a otra diferente, como por ejemplo, a una visa de estudiante. Tambià ©n se  puede pedir un transfer a otra empresa, que tiene que ser aprobado. Si el trabajador dimite, su visa pierde vigencia y debe salir del paà ­s. Si es despedido, la empresa debe pagar por los gastos de repatriacià ³n. La salida debe ser inmediata.   A veces no es posible, pero para no arriesgarse a quedarse como indocumentado se recomienda solicitar una visa de visitante y asà ­ se cuenta con hasta un mà ¡ximo de 120 dà ­as, mientras la nueva visa se tramita, para prepararse para regresar al paà ­s de origen sin perder el estatus de legal. Para mayor informacià ³n consultar este artà ­culo para saber cuà ¡ndo es posible ingresar a Estados Unidos con una visa de esta categorà ­a y cuà ¡l es el periodo de gracia, una vez que finaliza el empleo. Creacià ³n de una empresa y la H-1B En principio es posible fundar una empresa en USA y que la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a patrocine con una H-1B a su propietario. Sin embargo, debido a las condiciones de la visa, entre otras, el salario alto que se debe de pagar a los patrocinados, es una opcià ³n complicada y en la que siempre conviene contar con el asesoramiento de un buen abogado de inmigracià ³n. De hecho, estas son otras 8  opciones para obtener una visa y fundar una empresa en EEUU. Alternativa a la H-1B para profesionales mexicanos Mexicanos y canadienses pueden aplicar por la visa TN. Estas son las mà ¡s de 60 profesiones que permiten calificar. Te puede interesar Estas son las 30  profesiones que tendrà ¡n un mayor crecimiento en la demanda de empleo hasta el aà ±o 2022,  Ã‚  segà ºn el Departamento de Trabajo y tambià ©n un comparativo  salarial de 18 profesiones en 8 paà ­ses. Y es que no para todas las profesiones es Estados Unidos el mejor paà ­s para trabajar. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Capitalism And Its Impact On Social Human History

Capitalism has been generally criticized from many perspectives throughout its history. Criticism ranges from individuals who completely disagree with the preliminary principles of capitalism to those who disagree with particular cases with outcomes of capitalism. Some propose that capitalism can be transformed or replaced with an alternative method of social organization and means of production. There is a distinct division between those who believe capitalism will eventually collapse and a more effective social system will take place instead (ex: socialism, democracy) and those who believe capitalism can be overthrown with revolution through the focus on the working class. One noteworthy philosopher, who argues from different perspectives on capitalism and its impact on social human history, is Karl Marx. In The German Ideology, Marx contends that the function of ideology is to serve as the framework of a civilization. The ideology is based on the ideas, resolutions, and cultures w hich make up the majority of society. In any given period of history, the ideology of the people is constantly evolving and can be uncovered by the human nature of production. This mode of production includes the source of production and the relations of production by means of societal structures. Karl Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually deteriorate due to its numerous internal conflicts and its long-term negative impact on society. In Marx’s view,Show MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1151 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy, politics, and social relations. Some of his most important phrases most central to Marx’s thinking were alienation, freedom, surplus value, and social relations of production. The new ideas he presented regarding politics and economics, his critiques of other theories and political systems, and the long- lasting impact he had on society are what made Karl Marx innovative. Marx argues that capitalism creates alienation and made this is a main critique of capitalism. Although he did takeRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1332 Words   |  6 PagesTwo sociologists and philosophers have discussed their views on religion and its impact on society. Most of the Sociologist of that time wrote about the role of religion in society, Karl Marx and Max Weber observations are particularly relevant for our course. Religion is one of the principle social ideologies that impacts social stability and modification. This paper will compare and contrast their views on the impact of religion upon society. Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920) bothRead MoreMarx vs Weber vs Engels Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism is invariably acknowledged in the study of social science. Amongst the respective gathered ideals of the esteemed sociologists: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Max Weber include through discussion as to the origins of Capitalism, as well as the role and effects it plays upon civilized societies. Whereas Marx and Engels view of Capitalism fall within similar boundaries, Webers opinion of the matter differs in regard to the formers in several ways. In similarity, both parties agree thatRead MoreMarx s Critique On Capitalism1474 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"All of human history is nothing but the creation of humanity by human labor† Karl Marx believed that in order to change the world, there must be a change in the socioeconomic system of a society. As a philosopher, an economist and a nation builder, Marx’s efforts inspired the foundations of multiple Communist regimes during the Enlightenment Period. As the most important theoretician and prominent leader of a growing international labor movement, Marx considered various principles on the moralityRead More Karl Marx and His Radical Views Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesexpressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, â€Å"the human person is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have an immense effect on that life.†[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further man’s success within this world and would ensure his success as a species. Marx was extremely radical in finding that this was a positive impact on humans in nature. In orderRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book What Every Environmentalist Needs Can Know About Capitalism 1194 Words   |  5 Pagesknow about capitalism) To begin this critical review of this book, the brief and precise introduction and summary of the whole book is needed before discussing with the authors’ main arguments. However, this book is mainly emphasizing the magic relations between the capitalism and current environmental problems. In the other words, while there are some people who argued that the capitalism thinking is necessarily required for addressing all of the problem, not just environmental ones, human are encounteringRead MoreKarl Marx : A German Influential Philosopher And One Of The Intellectual Fathers Of Communism1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthe idea that industrialized capitalism changes the very nature of an individual’s labor from that of creation to that of a form of exploitation. Marx developed his theory of alienation to reveal the human activity that dominates a society. He showed how, although aspects of the society we live in appear natural and independent it’s because they are the r esults of past human actions which relates to Lawrence’s work on modernity. He further explained that not only human action in the past created theRead MoreSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, and institutions. Sociology is the study of human social relationships and its institutions. It is a diverse form of crime to religion, division of race and/or social class, to a social stability that will change a whole society. Sociology’s purpose is to understand how human action and consciousness shape the surrounding of cultural and social cultures. The study of sociology examinesRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Society1149 Words   |  5 PagesMarx’s Theory towards slavery, it showed how the society use to be and how it impacted the slaves to be part of their culture to manifest the society. Slavery was based on consumerism through religion, capitalism, culture, and community to enrich the economy. Slavery had an huge impact towards the society due to their production of goods which were dominated by merchants and were being paid a certain sum per finished piece, once they had the item they sold to a distant market. For example:Read MoreMarx View on Capitalism1635 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Miller is a social inquirer, he sees a lot and he chooses accordingly, what was it about his character Joe Keller that makes All My Sons, written in 1947, so important to us that we are reading it in University in 2009? History speaks to the present, and this text takes us into the past to help us understand the flaws of our socio economic system of capitalism and questions the social responsibility of businesses under capitalism. Social responsibility of a business is the willingness of a business

Dynamic Systems Theory Of Motor Development Essay

The development of a child in the first year of life is extremely intense; in just 52 weeks’ an infant goes through major physical, cognitive and social and emotional developments. Three physical changes the infant undergoes includes (1) going from using basic reflexes to learning complex motor skills (e.g. how to crawl and walk); (textbook p. 142; Chapter 4), (2) developing fine motor skills (e.g. precisely reaching and grasping for a toy); (p. 185; Chapter 5), and (3) developing vision, specifically depth perception and pattern perception (e.g. developing the ability to recognize); (pp. 189-193, Chapter 5). These are examples of the dynamic systems theory of motor development as the infant progresses in a sequence. Cognitively, the way infants process information undergoes rapid changes during the infant’s first year. For instance, the Piagetian theory of cognitive development includes (1) the sensorimotor stage in which infants, through trial an error, build their understanding of things around the world (e.g. imitation of familiar behaviour); (p. 203, Chapter 6); (2) building schemas (e.g. a 5 month old child can move or drop an object fairly rigidly, whereas an older child can do the same action but with more intentional and creative movement);(p. 202, Chapter 6) and (3) the concept of object permanence (e.g. an infant knows that an object exists even though it is hidden encourages the child’s perceptual skills and awareness of the objects ‘realness’ in the world (p.Show MoreRelatedIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and dynamic. Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that begin at conception and lead to the maturity of the body. These innate (inborn) changes occur in the body, brain and nervous system automatically in an orderly sequence at about the same time for most children. Because these changes are innate, they are not influenced by environmental experiences. Many of our basic abilities are closelyRead MoreUnderstanding And Guiding Developmental Processes1731 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Physical development refers to physical body changes. It occurs in a relatively stable, predictable sequence. Motor developmental theories provide insights into how children grow and learn. Theories are helpful for understanding and guiding developmental processes. The principle of the maturation theory is growth and development occurs in orderly stages and sequence, that is, certain skills and abilities generally occur before other milestones are reached. For example, most infants learnRead MorePhysical Development Of The Physical Brain And Body1375 Words   |  6 PagesMeyers 2016, p.171). Physical development in early childhood is; awareness of space, body and movement (Rogers Wright 2015, p. 24), development of motor capabilities and physical growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). From birth to two years, children are experiencing physical change; size and weight, brain development and refinement of motor skills (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). The environment, social and genetic aspects all have an influence on the physical development of children (Tatiana et al. 2017Read MoreThe Theory Of A Sheltered Only Child1002 Words   |  5 PagesEvent Analyzed, Theories Applied A sheltered only child, I lacked social learning from my peers in regards to my bike riding. I had the desire to complete these tasks because of vicarious reinforcement, however vicarious reinforcement can often be coupled with fear and anxiety regarding individual performance. Socioculturally, bike riding is what children did and were expected to do at the time. Which made the demand for my performance to excel at the task all the more daunting. Biologically speakingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Electric Motors Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesenergy, applications of electric motors are expanding widely in motor industry, and different types of electric motors are used in all kinds of applications, such as, the public transportation, electric vehicles, and mechanical fans. Because of the variety of working conditions in distinct application usages, engineers are developing various control theories to meet specific requirements based on different types of power system and motor. Generally, an electric motor is a machine which can transformRead MorePhysical and Motor Development in Preschool Children Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesobserving children for common characteristics is important. We can also observe them and find their levels of cognitive and social development. By knowing these levels we are able to develop daily schedules that can work on the weak points in each individuals life. If a child really needs help with their fine motor skills and another child needs to work on their gross motor skills, then we can pair the two up and have them help each other. Observing toddlers in the preschool setting, also allows usRead MoreSex : Female Location : Benjamin Franklin Elementary1162 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical development of motor skills, of which she had very appropriate capabilities for a child of her age. Physical development as defined by Six Developmental Domains. (2011) â€Å"†¦is to do with movement: gross, or large, movement of limbs and fine manipulative movement of fingers. Physical development depends on growth of the body and nervous system so that messages from the brain can be carried to the muscles to stimulate them to move.† During the hour Emma displayed gross and fine motor skills whileRead MoreMemory Isa Constructive and Dynmaic System Rather Thana Passive Mechanism for Recording External Information. Evaluate This Claim, Making Reference to Research Findings1669 Words   |  7 PagesMemory is a constructive and dynamic system rather than a passive mechanism for recording external information. Evaluate this claim, making reference to research findings. In order to evaluate this claim it is necessary to look at some of the research that has been carried out on memory. Most of the relevant research findings support the theory that memory is indeed a constructive and dynamic system but how much of what we store in our memory is down to active and conscious energy and how muchRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. 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Oedipus The King Is A Good Example Of Fate - 964 Words

Some believe that their lives and the events that take place within it are left up to fate, while others strive to make their own destinies. Fate is defined as events that develop in a manner that is out of one’s own control. Events that some believe would have occurred regardless of ones efforts. While free will is defined as the power to shape one’s own future through ones actions. The complete disregard of fate and supposed predetermined events. The tale of Sophocles, Oedipus The King is a good example of fate in action. Oedipus’s misfortune followed him relentlessly wherever he went, regardless of his choices. While the tale of Hamlet shows Hamlet making conscious decisions that effected his life in powerful ways that could have been avoided had he made other decisions. Oedipus’s tragic misfortune was pre-determined in a prophecy. As de Boer states, the first oracle of Phoebus prophesized that Oedipus â€Å"[†¦] was doomed to kill his father and marry his mother--hence his expulsion from Thebes as a newborn baby† (de Boer). Oedipus unknowingly murders his real father. â€Å"Fleeing his foster parents in order to prevent that from happening, he unknowingly meets his real father on the road and kills him† (de Boer). Even as he makes an attempt to put distance between himself and his thought to be father, by travelling to Thebes so, should the prophecy come true he could avoid murder him. Still he arrived in his true father’s country and murders him without knowing. Making his effortsShow MoreRelatedOedipus, an Ironic Tragic Hero1034 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus, an Ironic Tragic Hero Much of the tragedy of the play comes from the irony involved in fate Oedipus’s life. Being a tragic hero Oedipus is on a quest for truth, during his quest he realizes that if he continues on his quest for truth he will cause himself great harm yet he continues his pursuit for truth. The audience is seized by the ironic nature of this play, and the tragic nature of Oedipus’s life. Oedipus is lines up against fate and takes steps to try not to fulfill the prophecyRead MoreOedipus the King Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesHow Fate and Oedipus’s own essential nature combine to make him a tragic hero? â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles is a very good play which talks about a guy who was fated to kill his father and married his mother. Aristotle defines â€Å"tragic hero as a person of great stature and virtue who becomes aware of a mortal defect within himself.† This defect leads to great tragedy. Oedipus’s own essential nature makes him a tragic hero because his ignorance (lack of knowledge) led him to his own destructionRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Oedipus The King1025 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis: Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a tragic play showing a shift from the belief of fate to freedom of choice. Therefore, Oedipus the king is a great example of those who run from fate ends up fulfilling their fate After reading this type of tragic play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles you can see that the author did a very outstanding form of presenting a tragedy that has the characteristics of mimesis and a tragic hero. Specifically, the writer written the playRead MoreOedipus The King, A Tragic Hero Story Of Fate1495 Words   |  6 Pages OEDIPUS THE KING, A TRAGIC HERO STORY OF FATE Pamela A. Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. As a result, â€Å"Oedipus the King† is theRead MoreOedipus the King Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pages Oedipus the king written by sophecles when read for the first time the reader will realize that the audience already knows what is going to happen its just the way that the characters deal will with it. There is an oracle that says that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother. Sophecles examines the relationship between fate and free will. Fate being what some say is an excuse. For example if I said that I could not do what I wanted to do I could say it was fate, which is junk. What isRead MoreAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays1392 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays When Teiresias asks in Antigone (line 1051), What prize outweighs the priceless worth of prudence? he strikes (as usual) to the heart of the matter in Sophocles Theban Plays. Sophocles dramatizes the struggle between fate and free will, in one sense, but in another sense the drama might be better understood as the struggle between the will of the goods (which it is prudent to follow, according to Teiresias) and mans will (which is oftenRead MoreWas Oedipus Responsible For His Own Fate?1384 Words   |  6 Pages Was Oedipus responsible for his own fate? Oedipus, the King Harmanjot Singh Parmar, 578087686 Vancouver Island University Author note This paper was prepared for Liberal studies, Section 250, taught by Mark Blackell Oedipus-the king is a true Greek novel in all sense. It is a tragedy at heart and explores variousRead MoreOedipus Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesThis analysis of Oedipus’s character shows how Oedipus, the protagonist and the antagonist against himself, dealt with unfortunate situations which sealed his fate. Oedipus was a strange round character that was really interesting and mysterious. Oedipus’s life was a good example of a true Greek tragedy; he worked himself up to be a great king and ultimately in the end he died with only his perception on life. Oedipus was once a man of power who falls impoverished. He goes from having much respectRead More Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate truly is a huge factorRead MoreUnderstanding Fate in Oedipus Tyrannos1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthe personages. It is the case in the play Oedipus Tyrannos. The play, written by Sophocles, represents the typical Greek view of the world with all the values that the Greeks wanted to show. This play is probably the best example to represent the typical tragic hero, in that case Oedipus. The dominant theme that Sophocles wanted to demonstrate in the play was the concept of fate and how nobody was able to escape it, not even the most prestigious people. Fate was extremely important for the Greeks because

New Yorker Free Essays

string(144) " her assertion of the changing American military by using different first-hand accounts from anti-war veterans and former President Eisenhower\." Response distill Leper’s: â€Å"The Prism† Mr.. The violation of one’s privacy and different events that have aroused within history that regurgitate a violation of privacy is the theme surrounding this article. We will write a custom essay sample on New Yorker or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to this the article Is centered around the Idea that as Individuals are defending their privacy more and more methods are being developed to try and invade that privacy, especially more so in this modern day and age because technologies are being developed that were unprecedented hundreds of years ago. Another theme expressed in the article is the idea that American culture today can e viewed as a paradox because many individuals love being seen and hidden at the same time, that the only thing that Is loved more than privacy Is publicity. Lastly, two big events that occurred and are currently occurring that reiterate a violation of privacy are the incidents with Giuseppe Amazing, an Italian exile in London in 1844, who had his mall read by the British government without his consent and the N. S. A. Collecting data online for years by tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading U. S. Internet companies. Personally. I believe this article Is quite Interesting and entertaining and Is tryingly supported with reliable sources and anecdotes. The author uses a certain literary prose and Biblical references in an attempt to capture the audience; and the author also structures the article In an effective way. For example, the article began with an anecdote about something not very well-known but then connects it with the N. S. A. And the current Obama Administration in order to improve our understanding of the event. This article relates to U. S. History because It Incorporates the Obama Administration as previously mentioned and at the same time it refers to earlier American history. For example the article speaks of Almagest v. United States in 1928 In which the court considered the constitutionality of wiretapping. Eventually Almagest was convicted but after serving three years’ hard labor was pardoned by Franklin Roosevelt in 1935. Clearly, this article has different aspects of the long history of the united States which Is one of the reasons It is such an Interesting. Capturing article. Response to Jane Meyers: â€Å"A Word from Our Sponsor† A documentary filmmaker, Alex Gibing, created a film called â€Å"Park Avenue: Money, Power, and the American Dream† which was centered on the growing economic inequality in America. Gibing uses the contrasting ways of the individuals living in the most expensive apartment buildings in Manhattan on 740 Park Avenue and those of the underprivileged people living In the Bronx as a case study. However by doing this Gibing puts David Koch, a billionaire industrialist who resides in 740 Park Avenue, under heavy scrutiny. This caused problems because the film was set to air on public broadcasting entitles such as PBS, WENT, HIGH, and TIPS and Koch was a donor to all these companies and he was also a trustee of both WENT and HIGH. Many of the head executives of each of the companies were not sure if they should to the many problems that came about Koch decided to resign from WENT on May 16 as he felt he was not supported as well as he should have been by the media organization he gave so much to. I believe this article is interesting and is applicable to young students all the way up to adults because it provides an insight into not only the growing economic inequality within American society but also the way in which the possession of money translates to power. The author does a good Job of presenting the information in the article because she gives different accounts to add more detail into the theme of the article which surrounded David Koch. The article relates to U. S. Story in different ways; one of them being that the growing economic disparity in America is highlighted. In addition the article states that the Koch’s were funding much of the opposition to President Barack Obama by organizing a compilation of advocacy groups. Also, it talks about how federal funding for public broadcasting has been dwindling and the government’s contribution only makes up a small percent of public broadcasting funds. As one can see this article deals with many current prob lems within the U. S. Which heavily center on money and its possession. Response to Jill Leper’s: â€Å"The Force† The article is centered around the topic of the amount of money the United States spends on military defense and whether it is necessary or not. Another essential aspect surrounding the article is the fact that individuals at the head of Congress that control military actions should not be in such positions of power because of the fact that many of them have never experienced active duty in the military and thus o not understand the troubles one faces during war. Also the article speaks of how the ideals of the United States military seem to be changing with the progression of time. Currently it seems that many Americans view the strength of the nation as stemming from the strength of the military; and that many individuals in Congress believe in the destiny that the United States needs to rule the world. Ultimately the idea that the United States’ military force requires some sort of limitations and perhaps needs to revert back to its original ideas of not having a standing army is the entrant themes surrounding the article. I believe this article is captivating because it presents information that truly affects the lives of us as Americans every day. The author does a fairly good Job of organizing the article in such a way that captures the reader because she shows the changing entity of the U. S. Military from early in American history to the present day as we wage in the Afghanistan War. The author supports her assertion of the changing American military by using different first-hand accounts from anti-war veterans and former President Eisenhower. You read "New Yorker" in category "Papers" Clearly the article relates to U. S. Story as the article is predominantly centered on the U. S. Military and the amount of revenue and problems that have been faced by the military. Ultimately, I found it quite interesting that the author mentioned that many Congressional hearings have poor attendance because many individuals that are a part of Congress do not find every hearing important. This came as a shock to m e because I was under the assumption that regardless of the hearing there no doubt had to be a great number of people attending because they all in one way or another impact the status of the intrigued. Response to Keeled Saneness: â€Å"Paint Bombs† This article is focused around the idea of anarchism and about a particular individual, David Grabber, who supports it. He was a part of the Occupy Movement that occurred on Wall Street and many individuals were struggling against the local government and police because they did not believe in the idea of a single governing body ceasing the majority of the power. Grabber states that if a new society were to be created that people would have the ability to have a wider range of options. A big topic of discussion surrounding this article was the idea that as the government egging to expand it is even more necessary to try and shrink it. At the same time the article explains that as the state/government grows it may be easier to imagine that one could live without the support of the government since the amount of direct help one would receive would dwindle. In addition the article speaks of how Anarchism may be on the rise in today’s modern world because of the fall of so many institutionalized governments, which is an interesting point. I believe this article is interesting especially because I was never really exposed to the ideas or history of Anarchism. I believe the author did a good Job of presenting the information and making his/her point felt to the audience. For example, the author focuses in on one particular individual whom practices Anarchism and gives accounts of his life while at the same time giving accounts of other individuals that support his ideas. This relates to U. S. Story in different ways such as when the author mentions that Anarchism has been on the rise in America because of the fall of the Soviet Union. In addition the author also mentions that current President Obama had to present his health-care reforms as an opportunity to reduce federal gadget; which has not worked out as planned. Also Grabber credits the Occupy Movement with preventing Mitt Rooney from becoming President; and perhaps if Rooney would have been elected President America may be a different place as we speak. Response to Jill Leper’s: â€Å"The Commandments† This article focuses on the American Constitution and the way in which it is open for a great deal of interpretation by Americans; and the fact that different people vary quite a lot on the way in which they decide to interpret the laws that lie within the Constitution. Perhaps one of the reasons that the Constitution is up for such a retreat deal of interpretation stems from the fact that it has its many faults as Benjamin Franklin pointed out when the Constitution was being originally drafted. In addition, the article focuses around the fact that very few Americans have actually took the time to read the whole Constitution and this proves to be a downfall. If we, as Americans, were familiar with what the Constitution outlined then we would be more apt to demand that our representatives in government abide by it. Also the article mentions that Originations argue that originals is the only legitimate way of Constitutional interpretation. In this manner elected representatives pass laws and the courts protect the will of the people by making sure those laws abide by the Constitution as originally drafted. Ultimately the Constitution may not be perfect but nonetheless it is every Americans’ rule of law. I believe this article is interesting and informational, however the author could have done a better Job of presenting the information in a way that captured the supporting evidence for the claims she made such as when she said few Americans have read the Constitution and she goes on and gives the statistic that 72 percent of bout a thousand people questioned had never read all forty-four hundred words of the Constitution. Clearly the article is centered on the forefront of American history and how throughout time many Americans have failed to cherish and appreciate their own Constitution as they have not taken the time to truly understand it. Ultimately, this article focused on the way in which America has evolved and progressed throughout time due to the structural foundation laid by the Constitution and to some America’s progression is not as ideal as could be but nonetheless something that has to be accepted by Americans. Response to Seymour M. Herb’s: â€Å"Last Stand† This article focuses on the Bush Administration and the way in which it went about handling the predicament in Iran as they began to enrich Uranium which can ultimately lead to the development of nuclear bombs. The Bush Administration attempted to make peace talks with Iran assuming that they halted their enrichment activity because they feared that Iran would accumulate nuclear powers and use it to cause devastating effects onto the U. S. Military. The Bush Administration was contemplating whether to engage on an attack onto Iran so that they would not attack the U. S. Forever it was predicted that the war would spread even more as a result. Another topic discussed in the article is the fear of angering Iran which perhaps could lead to them cutting off the oil supply to the United States. In addition the article speaks of how the state of Israel was in great fear because of rumors that Iran had nuclear bombs at their disposal and so Israel seeded out to the United States for assistance and protection. However the situation was difficult as a failed attack on Iran by the United States would lead to a multitude of problems. I believe this article is intriguing because of the fact that it is centered on such a regale topic that could potentially cause grave danger to the whole world; and for that reason alone it captured me from the outset. The author does a good Job of structuring the article by giving the details and ideas surrounding the Bush Administration and then at the same time giving the different opinions of high- ranking military officials and intelligence officers that was closely tied to the manner. In addition I liked how the author incorporated the state of Israel and where it stood in regard to Iran as a neighboring country. This relates to U. S. History because the policies of a former U. S. President are mentioned and the way in which those policies affected the country is discussed. A large scope was put on the United States’ foreign policy of diplomatic relations. Response to George Packer’s: â€Å"The Choice† This article focuses on the Presidential candidates of the 2008 Presidential Election; which were Hilary Clinton and Barack Obama. This article analyzes the different ideas and goals each candidate held such as the fact that Clinton took on more of an executive role whereas Obama took on more of a visionary role in which he believes that Americans can restore their faith in government. The personal autobiography it is revealed that he struggled with finding his own identity but that he solved them and as a result is comfortable with himself and the complexities of the world. However in Silicon’s autobiography it was seen that she always seemed to have something to hide as if she does not trust anyone to understand her personal struggles. At the same time there were many people who supported Clinton because they believed she was more committed to using power for social change and she will march ahead and let those who want to follow her follow her. Obama was supported y many as well as he looked to implement his vision of change with every American following him to achieve change. Ultimately there are those who say that in order to have won the Presidency Clinton would have had to change her own tactics and engage in more off leader position. I believe this article is interesting to say the least because it gave me a clear insight into how the Presidential campaign for the 2008 Election was structured and how it swayed the opinions of Americans. I am not very well-versed politically; however after reading this article I became more aware of the political make-up of American politics. In addition I believe the author did a decent Job of keeping the reader engaged because he did not solely focus on one Presidential candidate for a long period of time, but rather gave details about both candidates at the same time in order to more effectively show their differences. This strongly relates to U. S. History because it shows how American politics work and the way in which politicians try to gain votes and supporters. Also we are introduced to the reasons behind why the 2008 Presidential Election ended the way it did; and perhaps if it would have ended tit Hilary Clinton as U. S. President we could be living in a different America. However that what if question can never really be answered and the election of Obama as President adds on to the long legacy of American history. Response to Seymour M. Herb’s: â€Å"Torture at ABA Grail† This article explores the torture that Iraqi prisoners faced at the hands of American soldiers in ABA Grabs. Major General Antonio M. Taught reported the devastating wrongdoings of American soldiers on Iraqi prisoners and there was compelling evidence such as graphic photographic images. Images show that Iraqi inmates had to endure humiliating poses and engage in humiliating acts such as men being naked in front of other men; which are especially looked down upon in Islamic law. These abuses became public because specialist Joseph M. Dairy was outraged and demanded that the soldiers that engaged in such cruel acts should have been punished accordingly. In addition the soldiers that did treat the inmates cruelly stated in their defense that they were given orders by the military intelligence to treat them in that manner so that they could get information out of them. Regardless this situation examined in the article has caused enormous consequences for the imprisoned Iraqis and for the perception of the United States and its Army. I believe this article is perhaps one of the most interesting and mind-boggling articles I have ever read. I would have never believed that American soldiers would engage in such acts of violence and cruelty against a group of people that were basically innocent. I was disappointed in a sense to know that I am an American and feel we Americans should protect the underprivileged and not euthanize them and make their situation worse than what it is. But I believe the author did a good Job of presenting the information by giving accounts from different officials that were closely tied to the situation. I appreciate the detail the author gave when describing what the soldiers were doing to the Iraqi prisoners because it allows the reader to get a better understanding of what exactly they had to experience. This article is related to U. S. History because it speaks of how American soldiers treated a certain group of people and the way in which it left a negative image onto America and its history. Response to Jill Leper’s: â€Å"Benched† This article is centered on the Supreme Court and its process of Judicial review. Also mentioned in the article is the idea that what the people think about the Judicial review stems from what they think of how the Supreme Court is composed. For example, if the Court is liberal-based then it follows that liberals see the Judicial review as good. If the Court is conservative-based then conservatives will thus see the Judicial review as a positive thing. In addition, the idea that Judicial review is part of a larger struggle for the Judicial branch to be free from the constraint of the other trotter branches of government and be free from commercial interests (money) was expressed. For example many state Judges, 90 percent of them, run for office and as a result spending on Judicial campaigns has greatly increased with the progression of time. Also the article mentions that many problems arise within a democracy when the citizens of that democracy believe that the laws that make up the framework of their country are being bought and sold; as is the problem at times within the United States. Ultimately that is one of the big problems being faced by the Supreme Court, he idea of money taking over the constitutional framework. I believe this article was very informative and beneficial to read because it gave me more knowledge about something I did not know very much about. I found it interesting to find out that some founding fathers of the United States viewed the judicial branch as a weak almost unimportant branch of government. For example in the article there is a quote from Alexander Hamilton in which he says, â€Å"The Judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of powers†¦ Of the three powers the Judiciary is next to nothing. The author did a good Job of connecting older ideologies of American history with newer evolving concepts surrounding American history and more specifically the Supreme Court and Judicial branch. This clearly relates to American history because the article is centered on the Supreme Court and its composition and its relation to Judicial review; and whether that Judicial review is deemed acceptable by the citizens or not. Response to Steve Coal’s: â€Å"Remote Control† One of the topics discussed in this article is the fact that former President Eisenhower agreed with the idea of executing or overthrowing undesirable foreign traders because as he saw it political assassinations were a good alternative to military action. However it seemed as if Eisenhower method of executing political assassinations were not seen as effective as time went on so the presidents that followed put bans on political assassinations. The tide turned after September 1 1, 2001 when the Pentagon was bombed and President George W. Bush agreed to kill and currently the Obama Administration still utilizes it against suspected foreign threats. However the use of drones may in fact be leading to more problems than lotions because political relations between the United States and Pakistan, which has a growing nuclear arsenal, have collapsed because of the use of drones. Ultimately the question that has yet to be answered is, â€Å"Does America truly understand the repercussions of using drones to attack foreign nations? † I thought this article was quite interesting because it opened my eye to a situation I was not very well aware of. I never knew that the Obama Administration used drones on foreign threats and even more so I was not aware that President Eisenhower agreed with the idea of political assassinations. The author did a good bob of organizing the information into a condensed paper while at the same time still conveying his message to the reader. I found it interesting how the author linked the Obama Administration using drones to former President Eisenhower policy of political assassinations; the idea that the reason the Obama Administration decided to use drones came from the ideals of Eisenhower. This clearly relates to U. S. History as the article analyzed the ideas of a former U. S. President and the ideas of a current U. S. President; and the way in which those ideas have affected the United States’ foreign relations today. How to cite New Yorker, Papers

Detailed Analysis and interpretation of Financial Reports of Sainsbury

Question: Describe about the Interpretation of Financial Report of Sainsbury Company? Answer: Introduction Sainsbury is a UK based supermarket (J-sainsbury.co.uk, 2015). It has over 1200 stores worldwide. The organizations source their product and sell them in the UK based supermarket, convenience stores and online (Sainsburys.co.uk, 2015). The food business of Sainsbury is complemented by the general merchandise and clothes offered by the firm (Sainsburys.co.uk, 2015). Sainsbury offer banking and financial services via the wholly owned subsidiary of Sainsbury known as Sainsbury bank (Sainbury's Live Well For Less, 2015). They also have a number of joint ventures which also includes property development. The financial performance of Sainsbury will be analyzed for the year 2014(Tesco plc, 2015). The financial performance of Sainsbury will be compared with Tesco for the year 2014(Tesco.com, 2015). This will help to analyze the financial performance of the company against the industrial benchmarks. The financial ratios will be analyzed for the period of 2014 to ascertain the liquidity, profi tability position of the company, leverage position and efficiency of the organization. The ratio analysis will serve as a tool for Sainsbury to make future decisions based on its current financial position. The investors will be able to judge the company on the basis of its performance. Financial performance analysis using financial ratios Effective planning and financial management is essential for continuing the business in a sustainable manner. Financial ratio analysis is essential as it is a management tool that will improve the understanding of the financial results. The ratios can be used as a tool to understand the trend of the company over time. The ratio also acts as key indicators of the performance of the organization. The manager can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. This will help the organization to formulate strategies on the basis of its potential strengths and weakness. The investors use ratios to measure the financial results against the industry benchmarks. It helps them to make judgements concerning the effectiveness of the management and the impact of it on the mission of the organization (Basu, 2015). Apart from the reasons discussed for choosing ratios as a tool for financial analysis, ratio analysis has the following uses Versatility and Usefulness Ratios are critical quantitative tools. They are used as indicators for indentifying the positive and negative financial trends. The trend analyses help the organization to make the future financial plans. The organization can make the short term plans to make their investment decisions. The ratio analysis serves as a tool for comparing the financial state of the company with the business in other industries. Turnover and efficiency The operating expense and turnover ratios are critical for the helping the organization analyze the efficiency of the business by utilizing the assets and managing the liabilities in an efficient manner. The operating ratios can be used to compare the operating expenses like the inventory, rent and advertising to the revenue that has been generated via sales (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2006). Cash and liquidity The liquidity ratios help the company to determine whether the company can invest in capital assets or it can make long term investments. These investments are necessary for the growth of the business. The current ratio and the working capital ratio are useful for assessing the liquidity position of the company so that it overcomes the short term debt expenses. This will assist the organization in making key decisions (Besley et al., 2000). The company can make business plan on the basis of the ratios (Lohrey, 2015). Brief description and the justification of the ratios The financial ratios can express the relationship between the items in the financial statement. The financial ratios will help the management to identify the strengths and weakness. This will help the organization to measure the future performance of the organization. They are compared with the industry average. Liquidity ratios Current ratio and quick ratio represent the most common liquidity ratios. The ratio determined by comparing the current assets with the current liabilities. It shows the ability of the organization to pay the short term bills. The minimum ratio is considered as 1. If the ratio is less than one then the company has more liabilities than assets. The higher ratio acts as a safety cushion for the organization. It enhances the flexibility of the organization as it is not possible to convert some of the items in the inventory and receivable balance. The liquidity position of the company can be improved by lowering down the debt margin and converting the short term debt into long term debt. The receivables can be collected faster to improve the liquidity position of the company. Solvency The financial stability of the company can be determined by the solvency ratios. They measure the companys debt with respect to the assets and the equity. A highly debted firm does not have the ability to manage the cash flow if there is rise in the rate of interest or if there is deterioration of profitability of the business (Finkler and Ward, 1999). Profitability The profitability ratio determines the ability of the company to convert the dollars gained from sales into profits and cash flow. The common profitability ratios are the net profit margin, gross profit margin and operating profit margin. The profitability ratios include the return to assets ratio, return on investment ratio. It shows the effectiveness of the organization to generate return from the investments (Desai et al., n.d.). Efficiency The efficiency ratios are the inventory turnover ratio and the receivable turnover ratio. The inventory turnover ratio is the ratio of the cost of goods sold to inventory. The higher inventory turnover ratio indicates that the company has the ability to convert the inventory into sales. The receivable turnover ratio is the ratio the credit sales to the accounts receivable. It tracks the outstanding credit sales. The higher accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates that the company is able to collect the outstanding credit balance in a successful manner (Grier, 2015). Calculation of Financial Ratios of Sainsbury and Tesco for the year 2014 Sainsbury Tesco Profitability Ratios Return on capital employed Net Operating Income/ ( Total Assets - Current liabilities) 7.18% 33.97% Return on Equity Net Income / Equity 11.92% 6.59% Net Profit Percentage Net Income / Net Sales 2.99% 1.53% Gross Profit Percentage Gross Profit / Net Sales 5.79% 6.31% Operating Profit Percentage Operating Income / Net Sales 4.21% 4.14% Liquidity Ratios Current ratio Current Asset/ Current Liabilities 1.823456 2.245581 Quick Ratio Quick Assets / Current Liabilities 1.404007 1.631886 Efficiency ratios Inventory Turnover Ratio Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory 22.44975 16.65185 Stock Holding Period ( Days) 365/ Inventory Turnover 16.25853 21.91949 Debtor's Payment Period ( Days) Net credit sales / Average Debtors 55.30947 29.02146 6.599232 12.5769 Financial structure Interest coverage ratio EBIT / Interest Expense 5.647799 4.005319 Price/ Earnings ratio Current Share Price / Earnings Per share 7.161804 10.22105 Findings from Ratio Analysis Profitability ratios The profitability position of Sainsbury has been determined by the profitability ratios which are the return on capital employed, return on equity, net profit percentage, gross profit percentage and operating profit percentage. The return on capital employed for Sainsbury is 7.18% for the year 2014. On the other hand the ratio is 33.97% for Tesco. It is seen that Tesco is deriving more return from investment. The return on equity for Sainsbury is 11.92% whereas the return on equity for Tesco is 6.59%. The return on owners capital is more for Sainsbury. The net profit margin for Sainsbury is 2.99% and it is 1.53% for Tesco. The profit margin for Sainsbury is higher. But it is seen that the gross profit margin for Tesco is higher than that of Sainsbury. The operating profit margin for both the companies is same (Colombo et al., 2005). Liquidity ratios The liquidity ratios are the current ratio and the quick ratio. The current ratio for Sainsbury is 1.82:1 and for Tesco it is 2.25: 1 The ideal current ratio is considered to be 2:1. It is seen that the current ratio of both the companies fall within the range. The quick ratios of both the companies are within the range of 1:1. Thus it can be said that the liquidity position of both the companies fall within the range and the company is able to pay its liabilities well with the short term assets (Nissim and Penman, 2001). Efficiency ratios The efficiency ratios show the ability of the company to manage its inventory and debtors. The ratios used to determine the efficiency are the inventory turnover ratio and the debtors turnover ratio. The inventory turnover for Sainsbury is 16 days and that of Tesco is 21 days. Thus it can be said that Sainsbury is more efficient than Tesco in managing its inventory. The debtors payment period for Sainsbury is 6 days and for Tesco, it is 12 days. Thus it can be said that Sainsbury is managing its debtors more efficiently than Tesco. The higher the debtors ratio it is not a good sign for the organization (Cull, Demirgu Kunt and Mordug, 2007). Financial structure ratios These ratios show the ability of the company to cover up the interest and the earning of the shareholders on the investment in the shares of Tesco and Sainsbury. The interest coverage ratio shows the ability of the company to repay its interest expense from the profitability. The lower the ratio, it is better for the organization. It is seen that the interest coverage for Sainsbury is less than Tesco (Palepu, Healy and Peek, 2010). The earnings of the shareholders of Tesco is more than the earning of the shareholders of Sainsbury. The share price of Sainsbury is higher than Tesco. But the return of the share holders is less (Sainsbury plc - Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014, 2014) ; (Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014, 2014). Conclusion and Recommendations for Sainsbury The ratio analysis shows that the financial position of Sainsbury is stable. The company has been doing good business in UK and rest of the world. However it receives tough competition from other supermarkets in UK. They are Tesco and Aldi. The financial performance of Sainsbury in comparison to Tesco shows the profitability position of Sainsbury is higher than that of Tesco. But the return of the investors of Tesco is more than Sainsbury. Sainsbury can maximize the return of the shareholders. This will earn the confidence of the investors. Sainsbury can venture into new products. They can emphasize more on the clothes section apart from the food section. The financial performance of the company showed positive improvements. The profit before tax was up by 5.3% and the earning per share was up by 6.5% in the year 2014. They also paid dividend to the share holders. Critical evaluation of the limitations of ratio analysis 1. The different companies in different industries and they operate in different environmental conditions and depends on the regulatory mechanism by the Government. Thus the comparison of two companies belonging to two different industries can be misleading (Garrison, Brewer and Noreen, 2015).2. The accounting standards follow different accounting policies which affects the ratio analysis.3. The ratio analysis shows the relationship between the past performance and uses past information but the investors are more concerned of the current and future information (KIRKOS, SPATHIS and MANOLOPOULOS, 2007). References Basu, C. (2015).Four Basic Types of Financial Ratios Used to Measure a Company's Performance. [online] Small Business - Chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-basic-types-financial-ratios-used-measure-companys-performance-25299.html [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Besley, S., Brigham, E., Clark, D. and Besley, S. (2000).Study guide to accompany Essentials of managerial finance. Fort Worth [Tex.]: Dryden Press. Colombo, S., Forde, M., Main, I. and Shigeishi, M. (2005). Predicting the ultimate bending capacity of concrete beams from the relaxation ratio analysis of AE signals.Construction and Building Materials, 19(10), pp.746-754. Cull, R., Demirgu Kunt, A. and Mordug, J. (2007). Financial performance and outreach: a global analysis of leading microbanks. pp.100-400. Desai, R., Palepu, K., Gibson, C., Healy, P., Bernard, V., Wright, S., Bradbury, M. and Lee, P. (n.d.).Analysis of financial statement information. Finkler, S. and Ward, D. (1999).Cost Accounting for Health Care Organizations: Concepts and Applications. pp.500-600. Garrison, R., Brewer, P. and Noreen, E. (2015).Managerial accounting. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.1-180. Available at: https://senas.lnb.lt/stotisFiles/uploadedAttachments/27_Managerial_accounting201392831823.pdf [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Grier, W. (2015).Credit Analysis of Financial Institutions. pp.70-90. J-sainsbury.co.uk, (2015).J Sainsbury plc / Home. [online] Available at: https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. 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