Operations Process Design Essay Example for Free

operations Process Design EssayOperations growth design1. IntroductionThe assignment pull up stakes be on the manufacturing of concrete rock candy pit surface. This return has been chosen because its demand is growing rapidly as most commonwealth ar concerned about the need for decorating their homes, businesses, municipalities argon involved in small town regeneration programmes and there is growth in development buildings and malls in the Eastern Cape. concrete treasure pave is favourite(a) instead of other forms because it is versatile, aesthetically attractive, functional, cost effective and requires little or no maintenance if correctly manufactured and laid. Sellers of concrete st angiotensin converting enzyme paving in East London are sourcing it from other provinces or countries, there are very few manufacturers and yet the demand is high gear.The com pan outy which leave alone be started for the manufacturing of stone paving give develop a business strateg y and mission and the trading operating theatres mission and objectives giveing be aligned to them. The operations mission will be to provide quality and nurture for money stone paving in an effective and efficient way. The distinctive competence is the fact the local manufacturing that will offer customer opportunity to send desired designs instead of choosing from the avail suitable designs. The companion will also capitalise short lead times as the crossing is locally manufactured and has highly skilled and experienced cross functional team that is innovative.2. Product/service designIn designing the product the fraternity will adopt an inter-functional view, meaning that a product must meet the market needs and also wee-wee a technical advantage. This will be easily accomplished by the company as it possess a team of highly experienced specialists.Strategy for the stone paving is to speciality and a product in which a customer finds value for money. In designing that product a cross functional team will be formed as this will benefit the organisation to makethe product a success. The team will be composed of all relevant representatives who have expertise in different fields like marketing, operations, engineering and supply train management. Suppliers and customers will be included in the design phase of the product. uniform criteria will be used for selection of suppliers that will be involved in the project. The criteria to be used will be technical expertise, capability, capacity and humbled risk, thus only suppliers who demonstrate these attributes will be considered.Shruder, et al. (2013) suggests that collaboration with customers in the design process is essential as it results in a smooth footrace of the processes. The collaboration with customers will be considered for the development of the stone paving and different methods will be used to encourage participation like aligning incentives for customers to appropriate knowledge and including them as advisors in the design team.While the stone paving is developed the manufacturability and value engineering activities which are concerned with improvement of design and spec at the research, development, design and production stages of product development will be considered. The foreseen benefits of implementing manufacturability and value engineering are cost reduction, reduced complexity of the paving, reduction of environmental impact and spare standardisation amongst others (Heizer and Render, 2011).Literature suggests different techniques that can be used in the design of products throughout the product life cycle, for the stone paving product techniques that will be used are o robust design this will allow small variations in the production of the paving to be done without affecting the product. o computer aided design the computer will be used to develop and document the different graphic symbols of paving. o value analysis successful products will be reviewed during the production process to manipulate improvements.The aspects of design for paving that will be considered include the sizes, types and colours of paving to be manufactured. Further consideration willbe how the product must be manufactured, its quality and market acceptance. The specifications of the product will be meticulous in order to gibe efficient production. Heizer and Render (2011) states that it is vital to define, design and document a product as it determines the equipment, the layout and human resources required.Engineering drawings will be prepared for the stone paving to show dimensions tolerances, materials and finishes of components. Then a bill of material will list the components, their description and the quantity to make one unit of each type of stone paving. The assembly drawings, assembly charts, route sheets and work orders will be used to assist in the actual production of the paving.The laws and industry standards applicable to the produ ct will be adhered and the product will be produced and delivered in an ethical and environmentally sound and sustainable way.3. Process design concord to Schroeder, et al. (2013) there are different types of processes (batch, assembly line, continuous, job shop, and project) each creation suitable for a specific product produced. The concrete paving slabs are a low to book volume and will be produced in different types, sizes and colours, therefore the batch process will be more suitable. The factory layout will be knowing such that it increases the efficiency and reduces the tightnesss in the process.As different types of paving will be manufactured, e.g. budget manufactured stone, standard manufactured stone, premium manufactured stone and premium natural stone amongst others, the type of order fulfilment which will be appropriate is the make to order so as to reduce the be of inventory, storage and damage. The suppliers will also be arranged such that the orders for supply like concrete and aggregates are delivered just in time for manufacturing.The process for the manufacturing of paving will be according to the stages detailed below. 3.1 BatchingAggregates will be used for making the various types of paving. The different aggregate types will be stored separately and so that they are well drained at all times. They will be protected from rain so as to stay dry before existence mixed with the cement, thus ensuring that the optimum moisture satiate is not exceeded. The cement will be weighed to an accuracy of 1% except when batched by whole bags. Aggregates will be weighed to an accuracy of 2%. The weight of the aggregate batched will be adjusted in order to make allowance for moisture contained in the aggregates.3.2 combineAfter batching, the aggregates and binder will be discharged separately or simultaneously, together with pigment if required, into the mixer and thoroughly mixed before any additional water is added. If a mix has high fines co ntents it may require longer mixing. Based on measurement of the variable moisture content of the aggregates or visual assessment by operators, water must be added to the mixture to bring it to optimum moisture content. Uniformity is historic because differences in water content from batch to batch will result in differences in quality. After mixing, the mixture is stored in hoppers ready for dispensing into the moulds.3.3 Filling of mouldsTwo basic principles will be applied for the production machines. The first method takes an amount of mixture and progressively compacts it under vibration until a predetermined height has been reached. In the second method, a gauged quantity of mixture is compacted for a set period. Care has to be interpreted for variations in parsimony which may result if the gauged quantities are not consistent or the mixture is not uniformly distributed within the mould. Previbration is often used to facilitate filling and any gaps in moulds are thereafter t opped up with a second filling of mixture.3.4 CompactionThe standard optimum period of vibration is 3 to 12 seconds and the same standard will be applied when compacting. Concrete pavers with a thickness greater than 80 mm will not be manufactured. Frequency and amplitude of vibration will be optimised for the specific materials being used and the number of blocks being moulded per cycle.3.5 lotThe quality of concrete pavers is improved by water curing. Curing can be effected in one of three ways moisture retention, steam curing and thermal insulation. The methods that will be used are detailed below Moisture retentionThis is the to the lowest degree sophisticated method, is effective for blocks that are less dense and thus tend to lose moisture rapidly. Loss of moisture from newly made blocks is prevented by negligee them in plastic sheeting. Thermal curingNewly moulded paving blocks are placed in an insulated chamber for a period of 24 hours. Temperature is increased by the heat of hydration of the cement and no additional heat is provided. The method is therefore inexpensive.3.6 flavour controlControl measures will be implemented at various critical points during the process and specific tests will be undertaken so as to ensure that the end product is of high quality.4. LayoutThe company will have a layout strategy that will support its differentiation and value for money strategy. The layout strategy is aimed at developing an effective and efficient layout that will meet the organisations competitive requirements. According to (Slack, et al., 1998)the layout design must consider the reachment of the following- o maximum utilisation of space, equipment and peopleo improved flow of information, people or materialo improved employee morale and safer working conditionso improved customer interaction, ando flexibility to accommodate changes and innovation4.1 Manufacturing equipmentBatching equipmentWeight batching will be answered to ensure that a uniform product is ascertained and for smaller projects, whole bags of cement will be used if the sizes of batch and mixer are compatible. sociableBecause a semi-dry mixture is used to mould concrete paving blocks, effective mixing will be done with pan and trough mixers. The size of the pan mixer will be related to production so that batches are used up within a reasonable time. Moulding machinesidewalk blocks must have fullest possible compaction achieved therefore the equipment must be capable of a high degree of compaction and satisfactory output. Stationary plants utilise the pallet system will be used as they provide the infallible high levels of vibration and pressure.LINE 1LINE 2LINE 35. StaffingIf an organisation is to achieve its corporate as well as operations strategy and objectives, machines and equipment are not enough. People are demand to perform the operations of the business so that ultimately a product is produced and sold to the customers, thereby making money for th e business. Important decisions have to be made regarding the jobs to be performed and the type of skills and competencies people who perform thosejobs should have.The development of the organizational structure should follow after the development of the strategy and the Human Resource department in collaboration with other departments should ensure that the compensate people are employed and retained for the productivity and sustainability of the business. This businesss structure will be composed of the core business functions which are engineering, operations/manufacturing, marketing and sales, finance, human resources and administration as well as information communication technology. Below is a typical organizational structure that will ensure that the organization fully functions and cross functional teams will be used to ensure utilization of skills and contribution by many towards achievement of the organizational goals.Organisational structure6. Capacity planningCapacity refers to the number of units that the organisation can hold, receive store or produce in a period of time, this assist in assessing whether the demand will be satisfied or whether facilities will be idle. It is critical to determine the size of the business with the aim of achieving high levels of utilisation and high return on investment.The choice of equipment and the capacity decisions must be aligned to the organisations mission and strategy. Nigel, et al. (1998) suggests that the following factors be considered in order to obtain good capacity planning, o accurately forecasting the demand,o understanding the equipment, processes and capacity increments, o finding the optimum operating size, ando ensuring the flexibility needed for adjustments in technology, product features and mix as well as volumes.A number of techniques are available and useful for making capacity decisions and those are bottleneck analysis, good forecasting, breakeven analysis,cashflow and net present valu e amongst others.Currently the trends show that in East London in the Eastern Cape, the demand for the paving tiles exceeds the supply as a result the prices charged are very high compared to other cities or to other provinces. The places that are selling the tiles only buy them from other provinces or countries there is only one manufacturer. Therefore by maximising on the location economies and focusing at the Eastern Cape market, one could be able to have the desired market share. A risk management plan has to be in place and an aggressive marketing strategy will be designed to ensure customers become aware of our products and the value that can be derived from sourcing paving locally.Bottleneck management will be paid attention to by the Operations Manager as this will impact on the efficiency of the system and utilisation of resources. The four principles of bottleneck management will be taken cognisance of, the principles are o release work order to the system at the pace set by the bottlenecks capacity. o the bottlenecks should always be kept busy with work.o Non-bottlenecks should have planned idle time, as increasing their capacity has no impact on the systems overall capacity. o Increasing capacity of the bottleneck increases capacity for the whole system.Illustration of capacity analysis with parallel processes30 min60 min60 min60 min 28 daytimes 1 dayBreak even analysisThe break-even analysis will be calculated to determine how many products must be produced before profit can be made. Efforts to reduce the variable costs will be undertaken so that production can be maximised.7. Location choiceLocation is the geographical positioning of an operation relative to the input resources, other operations or the customers with which it interacts (Slack, et al., 1998). The objective of a location strategy is to maximise the benefits of location of the organisation. The strategies used can either be location and costs or location and innovation, for this pa ving manufacturing company the location and costs strategy will be the focus, innovation will be a long-term factor to be considered.The manufacturing of concrete paving slabs requires cement, aggregates, water chemical admixtures, pigments and people amongst other factors. The company will have to identify all the necessary factors that may impact on the business financially and otherwise in order to select the location for manufacturing.A number of methods of evaluating location alternatives can be used to reach an informed decision, the table below shows the factor rating method used to select an appropriate site. Based on the scoring for factors considered important for the site, site A will be the best choice. Factor rating method for two sitesKey success factor Weight lay Site A B Proximity to suppliers 0.3 60 50 Proximity to customers 0.3 65 70 Labour pool 0.2 45 52 Climate 0.05 60 45 Wage rates 0.05 73 66 Community factors 0.1 50 30 TOTAL 58.2 54.9 The optimum ch oice will have to be a equilibrise of supply side and demand site factors that are considered important by the organisation for it to maximise its profits. The centre-of gravity method, locational break-even analysis which is a cost-volume analysis to make economical comparison of location alternatives and transportation model can also be used to assist in the choice of location (Heizer and Render, 2011). The company will be located in South Africa and within the Eastern Cape and the above analysis will assist with choosing the specific site.8. Supply chain designAccording to Heizer and Render (2011) competition is no longer between companies but with supply chains. A range of suppliers will be interacted with in the manufacturing and marketing of the product and therefore an integrated approach to supply chain management must be used. Supply chain is determining factor of the products product costs, quality, responsiveness and differentiation. A number of supply chain strategies can be used like many or few suppliers, joint ventures, vertical integration, virtual companies amongst others. The company must should strategies that will support its objectives, provide competitive advantage and ensure satisfaction of its customers.9. Quality managementIn order to offer quality products to the customers thereby improve revenues and reduce costs, the organization will ensure that quality is managed and continuous improvement efforts are implemented. A variety of techniques can be used to ensure quality is managed, this will start with ensuring that suppliers provide products that meet required standard e.g. cement should comply with SABS EN 197-1 . This will be the norm for other products as well in order minimise the risk of a poor end product. The ISO 9000 process certification, inspections and statistical process control will be implemented. The Operators and Quality Assurers will have to be trained on quality standards and methods for checking. The company lik e other companies will adopt the both the lean and six sigma process improvement approaches asthese have proved to assist most organizations. Quality controlQuality control is defined as the stabilisation and maintenance of a process to produce consistent output (Schroeder, et al, 2013, p210). Throughout the processes critical control points will be defined to control and improve the processes. Control measures will be implemented to- o Monitor changes in materials so that timely changes can be implemented in manufacture. The control measure will be regularly monitoring of changes in grading and moisture content of aggregates, monitoring mix consistence and measuring wet density of blocks. The causes for a change in density will be investigated in order to ensure correction of the root cause. o Routinely monitor the quality of the product for compliance with the specification. The more daily quality and compliance tests will be the checking on dimensions of blocks, testing strengt h of blocks and carrying out abrasion tests at an appropriate age.10. ConclusionThe company will achieve its business strategy and maximise profits if it has a clear and well defined operations strategy that is aligned to the business strategy. The use of cross-functional teams and supply chain strategy will assist it to gain competitive advantage and continuous improvement. The product design, process design, layout and supply chain should also support the operations of the company and lead to maximisation of profits. Quality must be managed throughout the processes and risks should be mitigated as the environment internally and externally is rapidly changing and scientific advancement results in introduction of new products.11. ReferencesHeizer, J. and Render, B., 2011. Operations Management. 10th Ed. London Prentice Hall. Schoeder, R.G., Goldstein, S., and Rungtusanatham, M.J., Operations Management in Supply Chain. 2013. 6th Ed. New York MacGraw-Hill. Slack, N., Chambers, S., H arland, C., Harrison, A., and Johnston, R., 1998. Operations Management. 2nd Ed. London Pitman Publishing.Samples of products to be manufacturedpicpicSTARTBATCHINGMIXINGMOULDINGCOMPACTIONCURINGPACKAGINGCEOMarketing and Sales medical specialistHuman Resource and Administration SpecialistFinancial SpecialistOperations SpecialistEngineering SpecialistSales representatives x 2Engineering TechnicianSupervisors x 2Packers/ Loaders x 4Quality Assurers x 3ICT TechnicianMachine Operators x 4Maintenance x 2Drivers x 2PackaginggCuringCompactionMouldingMixingBatchingStorageOrderPackagingCuringCompactionnnnMixingMouldingBatchingSTORAGEAdministrator